A Tripartite Framework for Leadership Evaluation

The Tripartite Framework for Leadership Evaluation provides a comprehensive examination of the leadership evaluation landscape and makes key recommendations about how the field of leadership evaluation should proceed. The chief concern addressed by this working paper is the use of student outcome data as a measurement of leadership effectiveness. A second concern in our work with urban leaders is the absence or surface treatment of race and equity in nearly all evaluation instruments or processes. Finally, we call for an overhaul of the conventional cycle of inquiry, which is based largely on needs analysis and leader deficits, and incomplete use of evidence to support recurring short cycles within the larger yearly cycle of inquiry

Planeamiento estratégico para la región Puno

La región Puno cuenta con los recursos y oportunidades que le permitirán ser una de las regiones con mayor índice de competitividad del Perú debido a su riqueza altiplánica, aún no explotada al máximo en las actividades económicas como piscicultura, ganadería (fibra de alpaca), agricultura (papa) y el turismo. En cuanto a la primera, la región Puno es la principal productora de truchas en el país y ocupa el noveno lugar en el ámbito internacional como exportadora de trucha congelada. En relación con el turismo, la Reserva Nacional del Titicaca, así como su isla más conocida, los Uros, representan tradicionalmente lo más conocido y concurrido de su oferta turística. Respecto de la ganadería, la fibra de alpaca Puno se extrae desde tiempos remotos con acierto: la mayor población de alpacas del Perú y del mundo está en su tierra, pero su situación podría ser mejor si adoptan tecnologías sofisticadas de crianza para obtener esta fibra que tiene un precio alto a nivel internacional. Con respecto a la agricultura, Puno es uno de los principales productores de papa en el Perú, sin embargo, su situación cambiaría si utilizan la tecnología para la producción primaria y secundaria. Pese a todo ello, esta región está entre las más pobres del Perú, además de ser el principal foco de comercio informal fronterizo, lo que en parte hace que no sea muy competitiva. La visión de Puno al año 2027 es convertirse en la región líder del Perú en piscicultura, ganadería, agricultura y turismo; y así contribuir al desarrollo del país, siendo líder mundial en los respectivos sectores. Asimismo, lograr con estas actividades económicas un aporte en el desarrollo inclusivo y ser reconocida por la competitividad de sus industrias, que deberán ofrecer productos de alta calidad y valor agregado, lo que le permitirá participar en el comercio internacional. Asimismo, la gestión sostenible de sus recursos naturales renovables y la búsqueda de la equidad y la inclusión social otorgarán una alta calidad de vida a su población y con una capacitación técnica a su población se logrará que cubran de manera eficiente sus necesidades básicas. Por otro lado, a mediados del 2018, se ha determinado que Puno cuenta con la mayor reserva de litio del mundo, lo cual, si se realiza un Planeamiento Estratégico adecuado, fortalecerá los sectores mencionados; pues los recursos financieros se incrementarán para todos los sectores. Esto colocará a Puno entre las primeras regiones de Perú debido a su gran potencial natural que presenta. Sin embargo, es importante dirigir los recursos financieros para erradicar la anemia de la región, de forma de impactar notablemente sobre el sector salud y educaciónThe Puno region has the resources and opportunities of the regions with the highest competitiveness index of Peru due to the highland wealth, not yet in its maximum capacity in the economic activities: pisciculture, livestock (alpaca fiber), agriculture (potato) and the tourism. As for the first, the region of Puno is the main producer of trout in the country and occupies the ninth place in the international stage as an exporter of frozen trout. In relation to tourism, the Titicaca National Reserve, the Uros island, representatives traditionally the best known and most popular tourist offer. Regarding livestock in the case of alpaca fiber, Puno has been dedicated from time immemorial to raising it with a roof: the largest population of alpacas in Peru and the world is on their land, but their situation could be even better if they adopt technologies sophisticated breeding for obtaining alpaca fiber that has a high price in international markets; With respect to agriculture, Puno is one of the main producers of potatoes in Peru, however, its currency situation if it uses technology for primary and secondary production. However, this same region is among the poorest in Peru, in addition to the main focus of informal border trade, which in part makes it not very competitive. The vision of Puno to the year 2027 is to become the leading region of Peru in economic activities: pisciculture, livestock (alpaca), agriculture (potato) and tourism; contributing in the development of the country, being a world leader in the sector sectors. Likewise, achieve with these economic activities a portfolio in the inclusive development and be recognized for the competitiveness of its industries, which promises high quality products and added value, which allows it to obtain an important participation in international trade. Likewise, the sustainable management of its renewable natural resources and the search for equality and social inclusion will grant a high quality of life to its population and adapt to the technique to its population will achieve a better quality of life covering their needs basic. On the other hand, in mid-2018, it has been determined that Puno has the largest lithium reserve in the world, which, if adequate Strategic Planning is carried out, will strengthen the aforementioned sectors; because the financial resources will increase for all sectors, which will impact on the rest of the sectors. This will place Puno among the first regions of Peru due to its great natural potential. However, it is important to direct the financial resources to eradicate anemia in the region, in order to have a significant impact on the health and education sectorTesi

Incentivizing the Dynamic Workforce: Learning Contracts in the Gig-Economy

In principal-agent models, a principal offers a contract to an agent to perform a certain task. The agent exerts a level of effort that maximizes her utility. The principal is oblivious to the agent's chosen level of effort, and conditions her wage only on possible outcomes. In this work, we consider a model in which the principal is unaware of the agent's utility and action space. She sequentially offers contracts to identical agents, and observes the resulting outcomes. We present an algorithm for learning the optimal contract under mild assumptions. We bound the number of samples needed for the principal obtain a contract that is within $\epsilon$ of her optimal net profit for every $\epsilon>0$

The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss1. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity2. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.N. Kaffenberger helped with initial data compilation. Funding for authors and data collection and processing was provided by the EU Horizon 2020 project eLTER PLUS (grant agreement no. 871128); the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; 033W034A); the German Research Foundation (DFG FZT 118, 202548816); Czech Republic project no. P505-20-17305S; the Leibniz Competition (J45/2018, P74/2018); the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad—Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Regional Development Fund (MECODISPER project CTM 2017-89295-P); Ramón y Cajal contracts and the project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027446-I, RYC2020-029829-I, PID2020-115830GB-100); the Danish Environment Agency; the Norwegian Environment Agency; SOMINCOR—Lundin mining & FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal; the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant PP00P3_179089); the EU LIFE programme (DIVAQUA project, LIFE18 NAT/ES/000121); the UK Natural Environment Research Council (GLiTRS project NE/V006886/1 and NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme); the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy); and the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG1266), Estonian National Program ‘Humanitarian and natural science collections’. The Environment Agency of England, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency and Natural Resources Wales provided publicly available data. We acknowledge the members of the Flanders Environment Agency for providing data. This article is a contribution of the Alliance for Freshwater Life (www.allianceforfreshwaterlife.org).Peer reviewe

On the Pollution of the Irrigation Water

textabstractPURPOSE: Oxidative phosphorylation is under dual genetic control of the nuclear and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Oxidative phosphorylation disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to determine the genetic defect, and symptom-based protocols which link clinical symptoms directly to a specific gene or mtDNA mutation are falling short. Moreover, approximately 25% of the pediatric patients with oxidative phosphorylation disorders is estimated to have mutations in the mtDNA and a standard screening approach for common mutations and deletions will only explain part of these cases. Therefore, we tested a new CHIP-based screening method for the mtDNA. METHODS: MitoChip (Affymetrix) resequencing was performed on three test samples and on 28 patient samples. RESULTS: Call rates were 94% on average and heteroplasmy detection levels varied from 5-50%. A genetic diagnosis can be made in almost one-quarter of the patients at a potential output of 8 complete mtDNA sequences every 4 days. Moreover, a number of potentially pathogenic unclassified variants (UV) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of long-range PCR protocols and the predominance of single nucleotide substitutions in the mtDNA make the resequencing CHIP a very fast and reliable method to screen the complete mtDNA for mutations

Subcellular compartmentalization of a potassium channel (Kv1.4): preferential distribution in dendrites and dendritic spines of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus

Voltage-dependent ion channels have specific patterns of distribution along the neuronal plasma membrane of dendrites, cell bodies and axons, which need to be unravelled in order to understand their contribution to neuronal excitability and firing patterns. We have investigated the subcellular compartmentalization of Kv1.4, a transient, fast-inactivating potassium channel, in fusiform cells and related interneurons of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. A polyclonal antibody which binds to a region near the N-terminus domain of a Kv1.4 channel was raised in rabbits. Using a high-resolution combination of immunocytochemical methods, Kv1.4 was localized mainly in the apical dendritic trunks and cell bodies of fusiform cells, as well as in dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, likely cartwheel cells. Quantitative immunogold immunocytochemistry revealed a pronounced distal to proximal gradient in the dendrosomatic distribution of Kv1.4. In plasma membrane localizations, Kv1.4 was preferentially present in dendritic spines, either in the spine neck or in perisynaptic locations, always away from the postsynaptic density. These findings indicate that Kv1.4 is largely distributed in dendritic compartments of fusiform and cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Its preferential localization in dendritic spines, where granule cell axons make powerful excitatory synapses, suggests a role for this voltage-dependent ion channel in the regulation of dendritic excitability and excitatory inputs.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministries of Education (DGES PM 97-0082 to J.M.J. and DGICYT PB95-0690 to M.C.) and Health (FIS 95/1672 to J.M.J.), the European Union (SC1*CT91-0666 to M.C.), a FEDER grant (1FD97-2297 to J.M.J.) and the Generalitat Valenciana (GV-D-VS-20-158-96 to J.M.J. and M.C.). E.D. del T. was the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Education of Spain.Peer reviewe